Bygging endurvinnslurása fyrir litíum rafhlöður hefur farið inn í mikilvægt tímabil, hár kostnaður og veikt hagkerfi hefur orðið sársauka í greininni
Þó að nýi orkubílaiðnaðurinn dafni og þróast, hefur málefni endurvinnslu rafhlöðu einnig orðið í brennidepli iðnaðarins. Eftir nokkurra ára þróun nálgast fjöldaúreldingartímabil nýrra orkutækja. Ef ekki er hægt að endurvinna og nýta stóran fjölda rafhlöðna sem eru farnar á eftirlaun, mun það ekki aðeins leiða til sóunar á auðlindum, heldur einnig valda vandamálum eins og umhverfismengun.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Verkjapunktar í iðnaði: hár kostnaður, veikt hagkerfi
Eftirlaunatími nýrra orku fólksbíla er að jafnaði 5 ár og fyrir fólksbíla og atvinnubíla 3 ár. Fyrir 2022 munu litíum járnfosfat rafhlöður einkennast af rafhlöðum sem eru farnar á eftirlaun. Eftir 2022 verður fjöldi þriggja rafhlaðna sem eru farnar á eftirlaun sá sami og litíumjárnfosfats og mun fara smám saman fram úr þeim. Gert er ráð fyrir að fræðileg niðurlagningargeta rafgeyma árið 2018 verði 5,14GWh og uppspretta niðurlagningar er aðallega nýir orkustrætisvagnar.
Fréttamaðurinn komst að því að fyrirtækin sem hafa sent tengd fyrirtæki eru aðallega skipt í fimm flokka: hefðbundin endurvinnslufyrirtæki, ný endurvinnslufyrirtæki, rafhlöðupakkaverksmiðjur, rafhlöðuefnisfyrirtæki og ökutækjaframleiðendur.
Mismunandi gerðir fyrirtækja hafa mismunandi kosti og galla. Til dæmis hafa hefðbundin endurvinnslufyrirtæki tiltölulega kosti í endurvinnslurásum, efnisendurnýjunartækni, rafhlöðumölunartækni og bræðslutækni, en vegna eigin skorts á rafhlöðugjafa þurfa þau samt að vinna með OEM og brotaverksmiðjum. Kostir nýrra endurvinnslufyrirtækja endurspeglast aðallega í tækni til að mylja rafhlöður og taka í sundur.
Á þessari stundu eru meðferðaraðferðir úrgangsrafhlöðu aðallega með pyrometallurgy tækni og hydrometallurgy tækni. Wang Haibei, forstöðumaður Málmfræðirannsókna og hönnunarstofnunar Peking Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group Co., Ltd., sagði að bræðsluferlið núverandi tækni sé mjög flókið og erfitt.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Ríkisfyrirtæki sameina krafta sína til að leita byltingar
Til að bregðast við ofangreindum vandamálum hafa viðkomandi ríkisdeildir gefið út röð iðnaðarstefnu til að leiðbeina og stjórna endurvinnsluiðnaði rafhlöðunnar.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Samkvæmt skýrslum, eftir að rafhlaðan sem er komin á eftirlaun hefur staðist matið, er hægt að framkvæma straumnotkunartenginguna til að hjálpa orkugeymslukerfinu að bæta heildarhagkerfið og hámarka endingu litíumrafhlöðu. Sem stendur hafa mörg fyrirtæki framkvæmt sýnikennsluverkefni um nýtingu fossa.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Nákvæmt-samstarf til að slípa iðnaðarkeðjuna
Það er litið svo á að endurvinnslukerfið fyrir rafhlöður tekur til margra hagsmunaaðila eins og bílafyrirtæki, rafhlöðuframleiðendur, rafhlöðuendurvinnslufyrirtæki osfrv. Keðjan er löng og enn eru margir erfiðleikar í raunverulegu rekstrarferlinu.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
Það er greint frá því að fjöldi fyrirtækja hafi beitt rafhlöðuendurvinnslu í þessu bláa hafi:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
Í janúar 2018 undirrituðu China Tower Corporation og 16 fyrirtæki, þar á meðal Sound Group, stefnumótandi samstarfssamning um endurvinnslu á nýjum rafhlöðum fyrir raforku ökutækja. China Tower Company mun nota rafhlöðuna sem er tekin úr hreinu rafmagnsrútunni, eftir prófun, flokkun og endurskipulagningu, til að skipta um blý-sýrurafhlöðu fyrir samskiptastöð orkuafritunar.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
